Ngati katswiri wogula, dziko lanu limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Mukudziwa kuti kukhulupirika kwa ntchito yomanga ma biliyoni kapena makina ogwirira ntchito kwambiri kumatha kudalira gawo laling'ono kwambiri, lomwe limanyalanyazidwa kwambiri. Odzichepetsa wasayansi ndi chitsanzo chabwino. Itha kuwoneka ngati chidutswa chosavuta cha chitsulo chokhazikika, koma gawo lake mu wothamanga Msonkhano ndi wotsutsa kwathunthu. Popanda zolondola wasayansi, otetezedwa bwino bolt ndi mtedza amatha kumasula kugwedezeka, kuwononga mawonekedwewo kumapangitsa kuti agwire, ndipo pamapeto pake amatsogolera ku vuto la ngozi. Bukuli ndi la inu, wogula wozindikira. Tidzatsimikiza Cholinga cha Masher, onani mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake disc ing'onoyi ndi yofunika kwa aliyense manga ndi kukulimbikitsani. Kumvetsetsa "Bwanji" Kuyambitsa A wasayansi adzakupatsani mphamvu kuti mufotokozere gawo loyenera nthawi iliyonse, onetsetsani kuti chitetezo, kudalirika, komanso utali wamoyo ntchito zanu.
Kodi cholinga chachikulu cha maheli ku msonkhano wokondwerera ndi chiani?
Pachimake, a wasayansi ndi mbale yocheperako, yowoneka bwino yokhala ndi a dzenje pakati, adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Wamalande Wachangu ngati bolt kapena manga. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri Gawani katunduyo a wothamanga m'malo okulirapo. Mukatero mangitsa a mtedza kupita ku bolt, kupanikizika kwakukulu kumakhazikika pamtunda waung'ono kwambiri wokhudzana ndi mtedza kapena Bolt Mutu. Ngati mukumangirira Zinthu Zofewa Monga nkhuni, aluminiyamu, kapena pulasitiki, mphamvu yokhazikika iyi imatha kuphwanya, kunyoza, kapena kusokoneza pamwamba. A Wathyathyathya, imadziwikanso ngati wowoneka bwino, amachita ngati mbale, kuwonjezera malo yolumikizana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yotsekeke itulutsidwe, kuonetsetsa kulumikizana kotetezeka popanda kuwononga zinthu zomwe zikuphatikizidwa.
Oposa Kugawa, Cholinga Choyambirira ndikupereka malo osalala, osasinthika a mtedza kapena bout kuti atembenukire. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zosawoneka kapena zosagwirizana. Kutembenuza A mtedza mwachindunji pamtunda wopaka ukhoza kupanga zosagwirizana tochi kuwerenga ndipo kungayambitse wothamanga ndulu kapena gwiritsani. A wasayansi imapereka mawonekedwe owonetseratu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolondola kwambiri komanso mosasinthasintha wothamanga amalimbikitsidwa. Mwayi, Ashes Amapereka Njira yosavuta yovuta yovuta yoyang'anira mphamvu yamakina, ndikuwapangitsa kukhala kofunikira wothamanga chigawo. A Kugwiritsa Ntchito Masamba ndi chizindikiro cha msonkhano wabwino.
Komaliza, Owononga amatha kuteteza Kulima patsogolo pazinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa. Machitidwe owunikira a bolt kapena screw imatha kukwapula kapena kuvala utoto, woyatsidwa, kapena womalizidwa. Poika a wasayansi pakati pa kutembenuka wothamanga Ndipo pamwamba, mumateteza kumaliza kuwonongeka. Izi ndizofunikira maotayi ndi ntchito zopangira mankhwala pomwe zopepukira ndizofunikira monga kukhulupirika. Zazing'ono chidutswa cha zitsulo amagwira ntchito zingapo zotsutsa.
Kodi anachititsa bwanji kuti anali atalimbikitsidwa ndi kuteteza bolt ndi mtedza?
Ichi ndi lingaliro lofala. Kukhala muyezo Wathyathyathya sichoncho, chokha, manga chilichonse. Mphamvu yowomba imapangidwa ndi kutambasula kwa bolt ulusi monga mtedza amalimbikitsidwa. Komabe, wasayansi amachita mbali yothandiza kwambiri momwe wothamanga imagwira ntchito yake. Mwa kugawa katundu, imalola bolt kapena nati kuwunikira kuti ziwoneke popanda kuwononga gawo lapansi. Wopanda mahelu, mutha kukhala ndi kuchepetsa zolimbitsa thupi tochi Popewa kuwonongeka kwa nkhope, chifukwa cholumikizira chofooka chomwe chimakonda kumasula.
Ngwazi yeniyeni yosunga a wothamanga pa kumasula ndi Khola Hasar. Pomwe Wathyathyathya ndi chabe, a Khola Hasar ndi gawo logwira lomwe limapangidwa kuti lisalepheretse a bolt ndi mtedza Kuchokera kuzolowera, makamaka Chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kapena torque. Pamene wothamanga Msonkhano umagonjetsedwa kugwedezeka, mtedza imatha kuzungulira pang'onopang'ono ndikutaya mphamvu yake. A Khola Hasar lapangidwa kuti lizipanga mavuto kapena kuluma mu malo osungirako kuti athe kupendekera.
Chifukwa chake, kumveketsa, a wasayansi sapanga mphamvu yayikulu yolimba. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu yoyenera (pankhani ya Wathyathyathya) Ndipo posunga mphamvu imeneyi (pankhani ya Khola Hasar). Ndi gawo lotsutsa la wothamanga kachitidwe, kugwira ntchito ndi konsati ndi bolt ndi mtedza kupanga cholowa chomwe chili cholimba komanso chodalirika. Ganizirani ngati maziko omwe amalola wothamanga kuchita ntchito yake moyenera.
Kodi mitundu yoyamba ya masher ndi ntchito zawo?
Pomwe pali mazana apangidwe Mitundu ya Spather, nthawi zambiri amagwera m'magulu atatu. Kumvetsetsa magulu awa ndi gawo loyamba losankha ufulu wasayansi chifukwa cha zosowa zanu.
| Mtundu Wake | CHOLINGA Chopambana | Zitsanzo Zodziwika |
|---|---|---|
| Wowoneka bwino | Ku Gawani katunduyo ndi kuteteza pamwamba. | Wathyathyathya, Ferter Walher (ogrimed o.d.) |
| Masika a kasupe | Kupewa kumasula Pogwiritsa ntchito gulu la masika (katundu wambiri). | Kugawanitsa (herver) masher, opindika, Maluwa |
| Kutseka masher | Kupewa kumasula kudzera pakusokoneza kwamagetsi. | Kutayika (mkati / kunja) masher, Ma tab mashers |
Oyeretsa, monga muyezo Wathyathyathya, mtundu wamba. Ntchito yawo ndikungofalitsa mphamvu ya wothamanga. Ma toher masher ndi backype yokhala ndi mainchesi ambiri kunja, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda zinthu zopyapyala ngati chitsulo kapena kwa mabowo owonjezera.
Masika masika ndi mtundu wa Cluver wa Khola Hasar. Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri ndiye chiwonetsero chachikulu wasayansi. Mukatero mangitsa a mtedza motsutsa, a wasayansi amakola, akuchita ngati masika. Gulu la kasupe limasunthira motsutsana ndi mtedza, kupanga mikangano yowonjezera pa ulusi ndikupangitsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kwa mtedza kumasula pansi kugwedezeka. Ku Hebei Wuyang, timapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mwambo masika ndi otathyathyathya kwa mafakitale apadera ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale.
Kutseka mahelu gwiritsani ntchito mfundo ina. Ali ndi mano kapena ma tabu omwe amaluma kwambiri Bolt Mutu kapena mtedza ndi kukhwima. Izi zimapanga loko la makina omwe amangokhalira kuzungulira. Ma tab mashers kukhala ndi tabu imodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zingakhale zolimbana ndi ma flats a mtedza, ndikusiya kutembenuka. Izi Mitundu ya masher nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okwera kwambiri momwe muliri muyezo wothamanga Msonkhano ukhoza kulephera msanga.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji timagwiritsa ntchito mahelu ndi screw kapena bolt?
Ife Gwiritsani ntchito mahelu ndi a manga kapena kutonthoza pazifukwa zingapo zotsutsa zomwe sizikugawika katundu wofunikira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri ndikukhala ndi madzenje. Munjira zambiri zopanga, mabowo amatha kuwuluka kapena kulumikizidwa pang'ono kuposa wothamanga mainchesi. Ngati Bolt Mutu kapena mtedza siyinali yayikulu kwambiri kuposa dzenjelo, imatha kudutsa zinthu zomwe muli nazo. A wasayansi, makamaka chonde wasayansi, amaperekanso mphamvu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga dzenjelo, kuonetsetsa Wachangu sapita kudutsa.
Chifukwa china chachikulu ndikugwirizana. Mukakhala ndi chitsulo wothamanga Polumikizana ndi aluminium pamwamba, mutha kupanga khungu la Galvanic, lomwe limatsogolera ku Galvanic kuchuluka. Njirayi imatha kunyoza aluminiyamu. Poika chinsinsi wasayansi (zopangidwa kuchokera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zinthu zopanda zitsulo) pakati pa zitsulo ziwiri zapamwamba, mutha kuswa dera lamagetsi ndikuletsa zowononga izi kuchuluka. Uku ndikuganizira mozama ku Marine, maotayi, ndi magwiridwe antchito a aerossoce.
Pomaliza, Owononga nawonso ntchito kusindikizidwa. Kusindikiza misozi, nthawi zambiri a wachitsulo wolumikizidwa ndi neoprene kapena mphete ya mphira, imagwiritsidwa ntchito Pangani chisindikizo chopanda madzi. Pamene wothamanga amalimbikitsidwa, elementimu ya mphira imapanga kupanga ganjenje lolimba kuzungulira manga kapena bolt ulusi ndi kutsutsana. Izi ndizofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ngati denga, kuwonongeka, ndi zoika kunja awo aswe Msuzeni wamadzi. Chosavuta wasayansi ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri wothamanga chigawo.
Kodi Wokondedwa Wake amaletsa bwanji kumasula chifukwa cha kugwedezeka?
Kugwedezeka ndi nemesis ya womangika wothamanga Msonkhano. Kusunthika kosalekeza ndi ma microscopic kumatha kuyambitsa ulusi Heldix kukachita ngati njira, kulola mtedza Pang'onopang'ono kuti muchepetse ndikutaya mphamvu yake. A Khola Hasar imapangidwa mwapadera kuti athane ndi izi kumasula pakapita nthawi. Mtundu wofala kwambiri, mphete yogawanika masika a kasupe, ndi mphete yomwe yagawanika ndikuyipitsidwa mu mawonekedwe amphamvu.
Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito: pomwe bolt kapena screw amalimbikitsidwa, kugawanika wasayansi imazimiririka. Chibadwa cha chikondwerero cha zitsulo zolimba akufuna wasayansi ku mawonekedwe ake osindikizidwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zonse zikakidwe mtedza kutali ndi kukhwima. Mphamvu iyi imawonjezera mikangano pakati pa ulusi wa mtedza ndi kung'ung'udza, kuvuta kwambiri kwa mtedza kuzungulira ndikumasula pansi kugwedezeka. M'mphepete lakuthwa kwagawika chitha kukumbanso pang'ono mu mtedza ndi kuphatikiza limodzi, ndikuwonjezera gawo lina la kukana makina.
Ena Mitundu ya masher adapangidwa kuti kuthira kugwedezeka ndi kupewa kumasula Phatikizanipo zowoneka bwino. Awa ali ndi mano omwe amaluma mumtunda, ndikupanga ratchet-monga momwe amapangidwira kutsutsana. Belleville, omwe ali owoneka bwino, amachita akasupe amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito katundu wapamwamba kuti akhale ndi mavuto ndipo wochinyezi kugwedezeka. Ntchito yoyamba iliyonse Khola Hasar ndikuwonjezera chinthu-kukhala ndi masika osokoneza bongo kapena chokhoma-chokha chomwe chimasunga wothamanga m'malo mwake.

Ndi zida ziti zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ndipo zimafunika bwanji?
Zinthu a wasayansi amapangidwa kuchokera kofunikira monga kapangidwe kake. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu kumakhudza mphamvu zake, kuuma, kuchuluka kukana, ndi mtengo. Mahelus amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zambiri, koma zofala kwambiri Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Zitsulo.
- Chitsulo: Zofala kwambiri za oyala. Masokosi achitsulo ali olimba komanso otsika mtengo. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinc kapena cadmium kuti azitha kuchuluka kukana. Zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, zitsulo zolimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zathu mapepala apamwamba kwambiri ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri, chopangidwira katundu wolemera.
- Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Mapulogalamu omwe apezeka ndi chinyezi, mankhwala, kapena zinthu zakunja, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndiye kusankha kwakukulu. Makulani ngati 18-8 (kapena 304) ATHANDIZA kuchuluka Kutsutsa kwa General Kugwiritsa ntchito, pomwe kalasi 316 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Marine komanso malo okhalamo. A chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri wasayansi imapereka nthawi yayitali utali wamoyo mu izi.
- Zitsulo zopanda mphamvu: Oyala amapangidwanso kuchokera ku zida ngati mkuwa, mkuwa, ndi aluminiyamu. Mafashoni amkuwa ndi omwe amachititsa bwino magetsi ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba. Brass imapereka zabwino kuchuluka Kutsutsa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chiwembu komanso cham'madzi.
- Zida zopanda zitsulo: Zofunsira zofuna kusungitsa magetsi, kugwedezeka Kugwetsa, kapena kusindikiza, oyala zitha kupangidwa kuchokera mphira kapena pulasitiki Zipangizo ngati nylon, neoprene, ndi teflon. Izi ndizofunikira m'mazolowerero ndi kuponderezedwa.
Kusankha zinthu zoyenera kumatsimikizira kuti wasayansi sichikhala cholumikizira chofooka mu wothamanga Msonkhano. Chitsulo wasayansi Kutalikira kumatha kupangitsa kuti gawo lonse lisalephere. Monga wogwira ntchito, kutchula zinthu zolondola ndi gawo lovuta la ntchito yanu.
Kodi zonsezi ndi mitundu yomwe ili yomweyo? Kuyang'ana Assolo
Ayi, si onse wachitsulo Zosankha ndizosavuta zathyathyathya. Dziko la oyala ndi lalikulu ndipo limaphatikizaponso mafuta ambiri opangidwa ndi zinthu zapadera kuti athetse mavuto ena. Kusuntha kupitirira lathyathyathya, kasupe, ndi tottad Mitundu ya Spather imawululira njira zingapo zothandizira zovuta zoyipa.
- Belleville atakwera: Amadziwikanso kuti masika amasika, izi zimapangidwa ngati conne yopanda. Amatha kuchirikiza katundu wambiri kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ochepa, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino pantchito zomwe zimafunikira kusokonezeka kwakukulu, monga mabasi kapena mavesi olemedwa. Amatha kukhazikika pakusintha kosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya kasipi.
- Mapewa: Awa ali ndi mapewa omangidwa kapena "phewa" mbali imodzi. Adapangidwa kuti azitha kutchera a wothamanga Kuchokera pazomwe zili zozungulira, zonse zamagetsi komanso kupewa kuvala. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku nyloni kapena pulasizo zina ndipo ndizofala mu msonkhano wamagetsi.
- C- C-wasayansi ndi kozungulira wasayansi ndi slot yodulidwa pakatikati mpaka kutsata. Izi zimalola wasayansi kuti aikidwe kapena kuchotsedwa ndikumayang'ana mbali kapena shaft popanda kuwuluka kwathunthu wothamanga.
- Kutsiriza maswe (Counink): Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mutu wathyathyathya kapena mutu wowongolera kuti apereke mawonekedwe oyera, omaliza. A wasayansi ali ndi mawonekedwe owerengera manga Mutu umakwanira bwino.
Kumvetsetsa kuti izi oyala ilipo ndikofunikira. Ngati muli ndi vuto linalake lokhudza kukwera, katundu wambiri, kapena kukumbutsani, mwina pali chapadera wasayansi adapangira cholinga chenicheni. Ku Huyang, titha kuthandiza kuyambitsa kapena kupanga zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zosowa zapadera zomwe mukufuna.

Kodi ma fosho amagwiritsa ntchito motani?
Owononga amagwiritsidwa ntchito Pafupifupi malonda aliwonse omwe angayerekeze, kuchokera ku majeresisikidwe osavuta kwambiri a DIY ku Teylostery kwambiri. Ntchito yawo ili pafupi paliponse pomwe pali Wamalande Wachangu amalemba ntchito. Mu mafakitale monga mafakitale kupanga, oyala ali paliponse. Lowetsani mahelur amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini ndi zoyendetsa mpaka kuthira kugwedezeka ndipo pewani zotsutsa othamanga kuti asamasule. Osuntha amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaneti, ndikusindikiza oyala amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu amtundu wa madzi.
Pomanga ndi zomangamanga, zazikulu, zowuma masokosi achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalumikizidwe achitsulo Gawani katunduyo kuchokera ku mphamvu zapamwamba. Popanda iwo, matayala achitsulo amatha kuwonongeka pansi pa mphamvu yayikulu. Ku Plumbing ndi Hvac, oyala Opangidwa ndi mphira kapena fiber ndikofunikira kuti apange zisindikizo zamadzi mu zoumba ndi mafota. A wasayansi ndi chiyani amalepheretsa bolt kapena zoyenerera.
M'magetsi, tiny oyala zopangidwa kuchokera ku nylon kapena mapulaneti ena ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma spacers Kulekanitsa matabwa ozungulira komanso ngati oyambitsa mabungwe oletsa magawano. Ngakhale m'bwatomo oyala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomangira za lag ndi ma bolts onyamula Pewani Chongani mutu kuchokera kukoka nkhuni zofewa. Mndandandawu ulibe kanthu. A wasayansi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kwamakono. Kuti muone bwino zopereka zathu, mutha kusakatula athu Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafashoni ambiri.
Kodi Washer angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati malo osavuta?
Mwamtheradi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri za muyezo Wathyathyathya ndi kuchita ngati chombo. M'misonkhano yamakina, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kupanga kusiyana pakati pa mbali ziwiri kapena kukweza chinthu pang'ono pang'ono. Mahelu amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati malo kukwaniritsa izi. Mwa kuthina chimodzi kapena zingapo oyala Mwa makulidwe odziwika, mainjiniya amatha kusintha mawonekedwe ndi malo ophatikizika.
Mwachitsanzo, a Washer akhoza kuyikidwa Pakatikati pa gawo limodzi ndi kukweza pamwamba kuti mupange chilolezo china kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti shaft yathetsedwa bwino. Pomwe pali malo apadera ndi ma shims opangidwa ndi cholinga ichi, wamba Wathyathyathya nthawi zambiri imakhala yankho labwino komanso lokwera mtengo kwa ntchito zambiri.
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chombo, ntchito yogawa katundu idali yothandizabe, koma cholinga chachikulu ndikuwongolera. Kusintha kumeneku ndi chifukwa china chomwe wasayansi ndi gawo lopanda phokoso la habiquure. Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholinga chawo choyambirira kapena ngati chothandiza chombo, maswe Chida chovuta kwambiri ku chipangizo cha injiniya.
Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji masher yoyenera pa ntchito yanga?
Monga katswiri wogula, kusankha zoyenera kumabweretsa kufunsa mafunso oyenera. Nayi chimango chosavuta kutsogolera njira yanu yosankhira iliyonse wothamanga ndi wasayansi Kuphatikiza:
-
Cholinga chachikulu ndi chiyani?
- Katundu wogawa / kutetezedwa ndi pamwamba: Yambani ndi a Wathyathyathya. Onetsetsani kuti mainchesi ake akunja ndi okwanira ntchito.
- Kuletsa kumasula: Muyenera a Khola Hasar. A masika a kasupe ndi chisankho chabwino. Chifukwa kugwedezeka, lingalirani kapena tabu wasayansi.
- Kusindikiza: Mukufuna kusindikiza wasayansi ndi rabaji yolumikizidwa kapena neoprene.
- Kukonza: Kukhala muyezo Wathyathyathya Nthawi zambiri zimakwanira, koma onetsetsani kuti makulidwe ndi olondola.
-
Kodi malo ogwirira ntchito ndi ati?
- M'nyumba, yowuma: Chitsulo cham'madzi chotsika mtengo ndi chotsika mtengo.
- Kunja, kunyowa, kapena chinyezi: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikofunikira popewa kuchuluka.
- Madzi kapena kuwonekera kwamankhwala: Kukweza kwa grade 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
- Ntchito yamagetsi: Gwiritsani ntchito mawu wasayansi opangidwa kuchokera ku nyloni, pulasitiki, kapena fiber.
-
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa?
- Zipangizo zofewa (nkhuni, pulasitiki, aluminiyamu): A Wathyathyathya ikuyenera Pewani kuwonongeka. Bander wasayansi Zitha kufunikira zida zofewa kapena mapepala owonda.
- Chitsulo cholimba: Chitsulo cholimba wasayansi ikuyenera kufanana ndi mphamvu ya wothamanga ndi gawo lapansi, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kwathu Mfundo zapamwamba kwambiri mu kulumikizana.
Poyenda pamafunso awa, mutha kuwopa mwadongosolo zomwe mungasankhe wasayansi zomwe zitsimikizirenso chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa msonkhano wanu.
Makina Ofunika Kukumbukira
Mukamatchulanso masheya a projekiti yanu, nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi ntchito zoyambira zisanu izi:
- Lowetsani Kugawa: A Wathyathyathya imafalitsa gulu la wothamanga kupewa kuwonongeka kwa makhwala.
- Kuletsa kumasula: A Khola Hasar kapena masika a kasupe amagwira ntchito kuti atero mtedza ndi zolimba, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi kugwedezeka.
- Chitetezo cha Pansi: A wasayansi imapereka chopinga chomwe chimalepheretsa kusintha kwa a manga kapena mtedza Kusakaza kapena kutsatsa malo omalizidwa.
- Kutalikirana ndi kusilira: Oswa nthawi zambiri amakhala ankakonda kupanga mipata yolondola kapena yolumikizira zigawo mu msonkhano wamakina.
- Kusindikizidwa ndi kuperewera: Ochezeka oyala imatha kupanga zisindikizo zosanjikiza kapena kupereka chimbudzi chamagetsi pakati pa a wothamanga ndi chinthu.
Post Nthawi: 10-09-2025