Baƙin ƙarfe shine ɗayan ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe a tarihin ɗan adam, kuma ana amfani da aikace-aikacen daga kayan aikin gini zuwa kayan gini na yau da kullun. Daga cikin mafi sauki kuma mafi sani ga siffofin baƙin ƙarfe, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don dubban shekaru don shiga itace, karfe, da sauran kayan. Tambaya ta yau da kullun da ta samo asali ne a ilimin kimiyya da tattaunawa mai amfani shine ko kusoshin baƙin ƙarfe suke fe²⁺ (ferrous) ko ferrio) ko ferric) a yanayin sinadarai. Don amsa wannan, muna buƙatar fahimtar banbanci tsakanin baƙin ƙarfe, jihohin iskar shaye-shaye, kuma yadda baƙin ciki ke halarta a cikin mahalli.
Baƙin ƙarfe kamar ƙarfe (fe⁰)
Idan muka yi magana game da ƙusa baƙin ƙarfe a cikin asalinta, an haɗa shi da baƙin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, an rubuta sittin kamar yadda. A cikin wannan halin, kwayoyin baƙin ƙarfe ba ions bane (ba su rasa ko karbar wutan lantarki ba). Madadin haka, suna cikin tsarin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, inda ana karkatar da wutan lantarki kuma suna rabawa da zarra da yawa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe ke gudanar da wutar lantarki, ba shi da iko, kuma ana iya ɗaure shi cikin kusoshi, katako, ko zanen gado.
Don haka, magana mai tsananin magana, sabon ƙusa na baƙin ƙarfe ba fel ko fe³⁺ - yana da feer.
Menene ya faru lokacin da kusoshi na baƙin ƙarfe?
Yayin da aka samar da ƙusa mai ƙusa da aka samar da ƙarfe, da wuya ya ci gaba da wannan hanyar dogon. Iron na mai da aiki kuma, lokacin da aka fallasa danshi da oxygen, an dasa lalata a lalata, samar da oxides - wanda aka fi sani da tsatsa.
Feer (ferrous ion: idan kwayar zarra na baƙin ƙarfe ke hasara biyu, sun zama feer. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa a farkon matakan lalata jiki ko lokacin da baƙin ƙarfe ke narkewa a cikin mafita na acidic. Mahadi kamar fete (II) oxide) suna dauke da baƙin ƙarfe.
Feer (Ferric ion: Lokacin da baƙin ƙarfe ya rasa zaɓaɓɓun waya uku, ya zama feer. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin abubuwan da ke ciki na oxidied, kamar fe₂o₃ (baƙin ƙarfe (iii) oxide). Ferric ions suna da alaƙa da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.
Rust ba guda ɗaya ba ne, fili ɗaya amma maimakon cakuda fe²⁺ da fe ³⁺ okes, sau da yawa) oxide, fero₃· xahhoph.
Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da ƙusa na baƙin ƙarfe, feer biyu da feya iri-iri na iya zama, gwargwadon yanayin gida da kuma tsinkayar hadawa da haushi da hadawa.
Fe² vs. fe³: Bambancin sunadarai
Bambanci tsakanin fe²⁺ da fe³⁺ ya ta'allaka ne a tsarin lantarki da halayen sunadarai:
Fe²⁺ (ferrous)
Rasa biyu wutan lantarki
Dan kadan mafi girma na kai ionic
Mafi tsayayye a cikin yanayin oxygen-talakawa
Samu a cikin mahadi kamar fee, feso₄
Fe³⁺ (ferric)
Lost electrons
Stroner konan oftifid
Mafi tsayayyen yanayin yanayin oxygen
Samu a cikin mahadi kamar f₂o₃, fecl₃
Saboda ƙusoshin iska suna fallasa zuwa iska (oxygen-mai arzikin) kuma sau da yawa ƙananan ƙananan danshi sun mamaye tsatsa a kan lokaci, bayar da halayyar mara lafiya.
Abubuwan da suka dace
A cikin gini: Lokacin zabar ƙusoshin waje ko amfani da tsari na waje, lalata lalata ra'ayi ne. Masu kera galibi suna riguna na baƙin ƙarfe tare da zinc (galvanization) ko wasu yadudduka masu kariya don hana tsatsa, tunda feshin kariya don hana ƙusa.
A cikin ilimin kimiya na Chemistry: Dalibai suna rikitar da jihohin hadawan abu da iri na ƙarfe. Ƙusa kanta tana feer, amma sau ɗaya fallasa zuwa yanayin, yana canzawa zuwa fe²⁺ da feet mahadi.
A masana'antu: fahimtar ko ƙarfe yana cikin fannonin ko fushin da ke cikin matakai kamar magani, metallggy, da ƙirar batir, tunda alƙawar batir da suna da matukar jinkirin sinadarai.
Ƙarshe
Don haka, suna da kusoshi na baƙin ƙarfe? Amsar ita ce ba - aƙalla ba da farko ba. Tsohon ƙusa mai tsarkakakken da aka yi da baƙin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, fe⁰. Koyaya, da zarar ta amsa tare da iskar oxygen da danshi, ya fara ƙasa. A farkon matakai, fe²⁺ (ferrous) ions, kuma kamar yadda hadawan hadawa ya ci gaba, fee³⁺ (ferric) ions ya zama mafi yawan nasara, yana haifar da samuwar tsatsa. A cikin yanayin halitta na gaske, ƙusa ƙusa yawanci cakuda feer da feer mahadi.
A takaice: kusoshi na baƙin ƙarfe suna farawa kamar fe⁰, amma bayyanar muhalli na fuskantar su cikin fee na fee-da feer biyu akan lokaci.
Lokaci: 09-13-2025
