Intsimbi yenye yezona zinyithi zisetyenziswe kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu, kwaye izicelo zayo zisusela kwizixhobo zakudala ukuya kwimihla yokwakha. Phakathi kweefom zayo ezilula kwaye ezona zilula zilula zizikhonkwane zentsimbi, ezisetyenzisiweyo kangangeenkulungwane zeminyaka ukujoyina iinkuni, intsimbi, kunye nezinye izinto. Umbuzo oqhelekileyo ophakamayo kuzo zombini imfundo yesayensi kunye neengxoxo ezisebenzayo nokuba izipikili zentsimbi zingu-fe²⁺ (i-ferrar) okanye fe³⁺ (i-feer) kwindalo yazo. Ukuphendula le, kufuneka siqonde umahluko phakathi kwentsimbi yentsimbi, i-oxividation, kunye nendlela iziphatha ngayo irimbeko kwindalo.
Intsimbi njengentsimbi (Fe⁰)
Xa sithetha ngesikhonkwane sesinyithi kwifom yayo yentsusa, yenziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi, ibhaliwe ngokukhawuleza njenge-fe⁰. Kule meko, ii-atom zentsimbi azizizo ii-ion (azikhange zilahle okanye zifumene i-elektroni). Endaweni yoko, zikhona kwisinyithi se-setric lattice, apho i-Elecle ye-Electrons ityhilwe kwaye yabelwa ngeeathom ezininzi. Yiyo le nto intsimbi yentsimbi yenza umbane, ungonwabanga, kwaye unokumiswa kwizikhonkwane, imiqadi, okanye amaphepha.
Ke, ngokuthetha ngokungqongqo, isikhonkwane esitsha sesinyithi ayisiyo fe²⁺ okanye fe³⁺ - nguFe⁰.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa isipili sentsimbi sivutha?
Ngelixa isikhonkwane sentsimbi esenziwe ngentsimbi siyi-festic feta, kunqabile ukuba ihlale injalo ixesha elide. Intsimbi isebenza kwaye, xa ityhilwe ukufuma neoksijini neoksijini, iphantsi kwe-corerosion, eyenza i-iron oxidey - yaziwa ngokuba yingqolowa.
Fe²⁺ (i-ferl ion): Xa ii-atom zentsimbi ziphulukana nee-elektroni ezimbini, ziba nguFe²⁺. Oku kwenzeka ngokwenzeka kumanqanaba okuqala okuthuka okanye xa intsimbi inyibilikiswa kwizisombululo ze-acidic. Imimandla efana ne-feo (intsimbi (ii) i-oxide) iqukethe i-iron evuthayo.
Fe³⁺ (i-ferric ion): Xa intsimbi ilahleka ezintathu ze-elengtroni, iba fe³⁺. Oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwi-oxidred computers, njenge-fe₂o₃ (intsimbi (III) i-oxide). I-ion ye-ferric zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nombala obomvu obomvu we-rust.
I-Rust ayisiyonto enye, iyunifomu kodwa endaweni yomxube we-fe²⁺ kunye ne-fe³⁺ oxider kunye ne-hydroxides, idla ngokumelwa njenge-hydroxides, idla ngokumelwa njenge-iron (iii) oxide, feo₃ x · xh₂o.
Oku kuthetha ukuba xa isikhonkwane sentsimbi, zombini iintlobo ze-fe²⁺ kunye ne-fe³⁺ zinokubakho, kuxhomekeka kwimeko yengingqi kunye nenqanaba le-oxidation.
Fe² vs. feč: umahluko wamachiza
Umahluko phakathi koFe²⁺ kunye noFen ubuxoki kugcino lwabo lwe-elektronte kunye nokuziphatha kwamachiza:
Fe²⁺ (firrar)
Ilahlekile ii-eletrons ezimbini
Irediyo encinci ye-ionic encinci
Izinzile ngakumbi kwiimeko zeoksijini-ezingekho mthethweni
Ifunyenwe kwimimandla efana ne-feo, i-feso₄
Fe³⁺ (i-ferric)
Ilahlekile ii-elektroniki ezintathu
Iipropathi ezinamandla
Izinzile ngakumbi kwiimeko zeoksijini
Ifunyenwe kwimimandla efana ne-Fe₂o₃, Fecl₃
Kungenxa yokuba izipikili zivezwe ngumoya (ioksijini-otyebileyo) kwaye ihlala imanzi, i-fe³⁺ imilinganiselo elawula i-rust ngokuhamba kwexesha, inika i-hue ibomvu.
Iimpembelelo eziSebenzayo
Ngokwakha: Xa ukhetha iinzipho zokuphuma ngaphandle okanye kokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo, i-corrosion yinkxalabo ephambili. Abavelisi bahlala benezipikili zentsimbi nge-zinc (i-Galvanization) okanye amanye amalungu okhuselo ukuthintela ukrokrela, kuba zombini i-fe²⁺ kunye ne-fe³⁺ iyenza buthathaka isikhonkwane.
Kwimfundo yeChemistry: Abafundi bahlala bedidanisa i-oxidotion States yentsimbi. Izibophelelo ngokwayo ngu-fe⁰, kodwa xa ityhilwe kwindalo, iguqula ibe yi-Fe²⁺ kunye ne-Fe³⁺.
Kwimizi-mveliso: Ukuqonda ukuba intsimbi iselugcino okanye i-fe³⁺ imeko ibalulekile kwiinkqubo ezinje ngonyango lwamanzi, i-metallgy, kunye noyilo lwebhetri, kuba ii-ion ezimbini zineemichiza ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ke ngaba zizikhonkwane zentsimbi fe² okanye fe³? Impendulo ayisiyo-ubuncinci hayi ekuqaleni. Isikhonkwane esicocekileyo senziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi, fe⁰. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba iphinde iphile ngeoksijini kunye nokufuma, iqala ukubonga. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-Fe²⁺ (i-Fe²⁺ (i-fe²⁺), kwaye njengoko i-oxidation iyaqhubeka, fe³⁺ (FERRIC) ii-I-IION ze-I-ions ziba zixhaphake kakhulu, ezikhokelela ekulandeni i-rump. Kwiimeko zehlabathi zokwenyani, isikhonkwane esifakelweyo sihlala singumxube we-Fe²⁺ kunye ne-fee cells.
Ngamafutshane: I-Ironzipikisi iqala njengo-fe⁰, kodwa ukuvezwa kokusingqongileyo kuguqula kubo bobabini uFe²⁺ kunye ne-FEIDS ngokuhamba kwexesha.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: 09-13-2025
