Iron ndeimwe yemasimbi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munhoroondo yevanhu, uye zvikumbiro zvaro zvinobva zvishandiso zvekare kuti zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvekuvaka. Pakati pemafomu ayo ari nyore uye akanyanya kujairika ari zvipikiri zvesimbi, izvo zvakashandiswa kwezviuru zvemakore kuti ubatanidze huni, simbi, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Mubvunzo wacho unozivikanwa unomuka mune dzidzo yesainzi uye hurukuro dzinoshanda nderekuti dzidziso yesimbi ndeyekupwanya (ferus) kana ferric) mumakemikari emakemikari. Kuti tipindure izvi, tinoda kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati pesimbi yesimbi, oxidation nyika, uye sei simbi inozvibata sei munharaunda.
Simbi simbi (fe⁰)
Patinotaura nezvechidimbu chesimbi muchimiro chayo chepakutanga, chakaumbwa nesimbi yesimbi, yakanyorwa nemakemikari seye fe⁰. Mune ino mamiriro, maatomu esimbi haaiti ion (ivo havana kurasikirwa kana kuwana maelekitori). Panzvimbo pezvo, ivo varipo mune simbi yezvisimba latties, uko valence elecrons vakaremekedzwa uye vakagoverwa maatomu mazhinji. Ndokusaka simbi yesimbi inoitisa magetsi, inovhunika, uye inogona kuvezwa muzvipikiri, matanda, kana mashiti.
Saka, kunyatsotaura, chipikiri chitsva chesimbi hachisi cheshuwa kana fele - ndezvekuti fele.
Chii chinoitika kana iron zvipikiri netizi?
Nepo chipikiri chitsva chakagadzirwa nesimbi isimbi fe⁰, hazviwanzo kugara nenzira iyoyo kwenguva yakareba. Iron isingaiti uye, kana ichinge yanyorova uye oksijeni, inogadzirisa, inogadzira oxides - inowanzozivikanwa sengura.
Fee (Ferrow Ion): Kana maatomu esimbi akarasikirwa nema elekironi maviri, anova fele. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mumatanho ekutanga eCorrosion kana kana iron ichinyungudika mumhinduro dzecicidic. Mishonga kunge feo (Iron (ii) oxide) ine simbi yesimbi.
Fe³⁺ (Ferric Ion): Kana iron ichirasikirwa nezvirevo zvitatu, zvinova fe³⁺. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mune mamwe oxided compound, senge fe₂o₃ (iron (iii) oxide). Fernic ions dzinowanzobatanidzwa neine reddish-brown ruvara rwegura.
Ngura haisi imwechete, yunifomu compound asi pane musanganiswa we fe²⁺ uye fe³⁺ oxides uye hydroxides, kazhinji inomiririrwa sedhorated iron (iii) oxide, fežo₃ · · · · xh₂o.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana neti yedare neti-yedare, miviri yetsvina uye feat marudzi anogona kuvapo, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemunharaunda uye nhanho ye oxidation.
Fe² vs. Fe³: Musiyano wemakemikari
Musiyano uripo pakati peFe²⁺ uye fe pakati pemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye makemikari maitiro:
Fe²⁺ (ferus)
Akarasikirwa nemagetsi maviri
Zvishoma yakakura ionic radius
Yakagadzikana munzvimbo dzesimba-dzenyama
Inowanikwa mumakomputa kunge Foo, Feso₄
Fe³⁺ (Fernic)
Yakarasika maelekitori matatu
Yakasimba oxidizing zvivakwa
Yakawedzera kugadzikana mune oksijeni-yakapfuma nharaunda
Inowanikwa mumakomputa senge fe₂o₃, fel₃
Nekuti zvipikiri zvinoratidzwa nemhepo (oksijeni-pfuma) uye kazhinji unyoro, fe‖ mishonga inotonga mugura nenguva, ichipa hunhu hwetsvuku reddish.
Zvinangwa Zvinoshanda
Mukuvaka: Kana uchisarudza zvipikiri zvekunze kana kushandiswa kwechimiro, kurongeka ndiko kunetseka. Vagadziri vanowanzo giraini iron zvipikiri ne zinc (galvication) kana zvimwe zvimwe zvekudzivirira kudzivirira ngura, sezvo zvese fe²⁺ uye fe box uye fe bo its uye fe³⁺ kuumbwa kwakapora mbambo.
Mune chemistry dzidzo: Vadzidzi vanowanzovhiringidza iyo oxidation nyika dzesimbi. Nhai pacharo ndere fe⁰, asi yakamboratidzwa nenzvimbo, inoshandura mufashama uye fe³⁺ mishonga.
Mune indasitiri: Kunzwisisa kana iron iri muFe²⁺
Mhedziso
Saka, zvipikiri zvesimbi fe² kana fe³? Mhinduro yacho haisi - zvirinani kwete pakutanga. Chikamo chakacheneswa chesimbi chakagadzirwa nesimbi yesimbi, fe⁰. Nekudaro, kana ichinge yaita neokisijeni uye kunyorova, inotanga kuCorrode. Mumatanho ekutanga, fe²⁺ (ferus) ion onion, uye sezvo oxidation inoenderera, ferric) oniwa ikawedzera zvakanyanya, zvichitungamira kuumbwa kwerumende. Mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi chairo, chipikiri chakasvibirira chinowanzo kuve musanganiswa we fe²⁺ uye fe³⁺ mishonga.
Muchidimbu: Iron zvipikiri zvinotanga seFe⁰, asi kuratidzwa kwezvakatipamhidzira kunosimudzira muzvose zviri zviviri fe²⁺ uye fe‖ mishonga yekufamba kwenguva.
Kutumira Nguva: 09-13-2025
