Hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov feem ntau siv cov hlau hauv tib neeg keeb kwm, thiab nws cov ntawv thov muaj ntau cov cuab yeej siv tshiab. Ntawm nws yooj yim thiab cov cov ntaub ntawv uas tau paub ntau tshaj yog siv ntau txhiab xyoo los koom cov ntoo, hlau, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Ib lo lus nug nquag uas tshwm sim hauv ob qho kev kawm thiab kev sib tham tswv yim yog tias hlau rau (ferrous) hauv lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Txhawm rau teb qhov no, peb yuav tsum nkag siab qhov txawv ntawm cov hlau hlau, oxidation, thiab cov hlau coj li cas nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig.
Hlau li hlau (fe⁰)
Thaum peb tham txog cov ntsia hlau hlau hauv nws daim ntawv qub, nws yog tsim ntawm cov hlau tawv hlau, sau tshuaj yeeb yam li fe⁰. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, cov hlau atoms tsis yog ions (lawv tsis tau ploj los yog tau txais cov electrons). Hloov chaw, lawv muaj nyob hauv cov qauv xim hlau nyom, qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob qhov chaw nyob hauv tsev hluav taws xob yog delocalized thiab sib koom hla ntau cov atoms. Qhov no yog vim li cas thiaj yog xim hlau coj hluav taws xob, yog malleable, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hauv tes, kab teeb, lossis cov ntawv txheeb.
Yog li, nruj me ntsis kev hais lus, ib qho tshiab ntsia hlau tsis yog fe²⁺ lossis fews konya - nws yog fe⁰.
Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum hlau ntsia hlau muaj xeb?
Thaum lub tsev tshiab tsim cov ntsia hlau ntsia thawv yog xim hlau fe⁰, nws tsis tshua nyob ntawm txoj kev ntawd ntev. Hlau yog reasing thiab, thaum raug cov dej noo thiab oxygen, undergoes corrosion, sib sau hlau oxides - feem ntau hu ua xeb.
Fe²⁺ (Ferrous ion): Thaum cov mations mi atoms poob ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lawv tau ua fe²⁺. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau theem thaum ntxov ntawm corrosion lossis thaum hlau yaj nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub. Tebchaw zoo li FEO (Hlau (II) oxide) muaj cov hlau nkawv hlau.
Fe³⁺ (Ferric ion): Thaum hlau poob peb lub electrons, nws yuav fe³⁺. Qhov no yog ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov xim oxidized, xws li fer₂o₃ (hlau (iii) oxide). Ferric ions feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov liab-xim av xim ntawm xeb.
Rust yog tsis yog ib qho, cov kev sib xyaw ua ke tab sis theej sib xyaw ua ke thiab fe³dide, feem ntau sawv cev raws li cov hlau roj (III)
Qhov no txhais tau tias thaum cov kab hlau hlau, ob FERE FEI thiab FE³ thiab FE³s tuaj yeem muaj, nyob ntawm ib puag ncig hauv zos thiab theem ntawm oxidation.
Fe² vs. Fe³: Cov Tshuaj Sib Tham
Qhov sib txawv ntawm fe²⁺ thiab Fe³ts dag nyob rau hauv lawv lub tshuab hluav taws xob kev teeb tsa thiab tshuaj coj cwj pwm:
Fe²⁺ (Ferous)
Poob ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Lub vojvoog me ntsis ionic
Muaj nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov pa oxygen ib puag ncig
Pom nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw zoo li feo, feso₄
Fe³⁺ (Ferric)
Poob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Muaj zog oxidizing tej zog
Ntau ruaj nyob hauv cov pa oxygen-nplua nuj
Pom nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw zoo li Fero₃, Fecl₃
Vim tias cov rau tes yog kis tau rau huab cua (oxygen-nplua nuj) thiab feem ntau noo, fe³ol sib txuas ua ke nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, muab nws tus yam ntxwv reddish hue.
Cov Tswv Cuab cuam tshuam
Hauv kev tsim kho: Thaum xaiv cov ntsia hlau rau sab nraum zoov lossis kev siv cov txheej txheem, corrosion yog kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb. Cov neeg tsim khoom hlau feem ntau lub teeb hlau hlau ntsia nrog zinc (galvanization) lossis lwm yam kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv tau xeb, vim tias ob qho tib si fe³ los ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ntsia hlau.
Hauv Kev Kawm Chem Kev Kawm: Cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau tsis meej pem lub xeev oxidation ntawm hlau. Tus ntsia hlau nws tus kheej yog FEICH, tab sis ib zaug kis tau rau ib puag ncig, nws hloov mus rau Fe²⁺ thiab Fe³s.
Hauv kev lag luam: nkag mus tsis muaj hlau yog nyob rau hauv lub fe²⁺ lossis fe³-xeev yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho dej zoo li kev kho dej zoo li cov tshuaj lom neeg, txij li ob ions muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv heev.
Tag
Yog li, yog hlau rau tes ua fe² lossis fe³? Cov lus teb tsis yog - tsawg kawg yog tsis tau pib. Cov hlau ntshiab yog ua los ntawm cov hlau hlau, FEO. Txawm li cas los xij, ib zaug nws reacts nrog oxygen thiab noo noo, nws pib corrode. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov qib, fe²⁺ (ferrous) ions ua, Ferric txuas ntxiv, Ferric) ions dhau los, ua rau kev tsim kom xeb. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag, cov ntsia hlau corroded yog feem ntau sib xyaw ntawm fe²⁺ thiab Fe³s.
Hauv ntej: Hlau rau Tes Pib li Fe⁰, tab sis kis ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv lawv mus rau hauv ob qho tib si fe²⁺ thiab fe³c compound nyob rau lub sijhawm.
Lub Sijhawm Post: 09-13-2025
